@Article{FerroSabaPint:2012:TiNeLi,
               author = "Ferro, Marco Antonio da Silva and Saba, Marcelo Magalh{\~a}es 
                         Fares and Pinto Jr., Osmar",
          affiliation = "IAE, Institute of Aeronautics and Space, Atmospheric Science 
                         Division, Pra{\c{c}}a Marechal Eduardo Gomes, 50, Vila das 
                         Ac{\'a}cias, ZIP: 12228–904, S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos, SP, 
                         Brazil and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Time-intervals between negative lightning strokes and the creation 
                         of new ground terminations",
              journal = "Atmospheric Research",
                 year = "2012",
               volume = "116",
                pages = "130--133",
                month = "Oct.",
                 note = "{Setores de Atividade: Pesquisa e desenvolvimento 
                         cient{\'{\i}}fico.}",
             keywords = "lightning, new channel, channel conditioning, interstroke time 
                         interval.",
             abstract = "On average, negative cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes 
                         produce 3 to 5 return strokes, and a new ground termination is 
                         produced when any stroke after the first strikes the ground in a 
                         different place. In order to understand better the physical 
                         factors that affect the formation of new ground terminations, 
                         high-speed digital video cameras with time-resolutions and 
                         exposure times ranging from 125 \μs (8000 frames per second) 
                         to 2 ms (500 frames per second) were used to record images of 
                         cloud-to-ground lightning in southern and southeastern Brazil and 
                         southern Arizona (USA), between February 2003 and September 2007. 
                         Some relevant information regarding the formation of new channels 
                         was obtained from the analysis of the previous interstroke time 
                         intervals and the number of previous strokes following the same 
                         path to ground. Although most of the subsequent strokes tend to 
                         follow the previously formed channel, this tendency is not 
                         observed in the second stroke (that is, the first subsequent 
                         stroke). 52% of the new channels occur in the second stroke. 
                         Contrary to what it was generally assumed in some past studies 
                         (Kitagawa et al., 1962; Malan, 1956; Rakov and Uman, 1990; Rakov 
                         et al., 1994; Winn et al., 1973), the formation of a new channel 
                         stroke is not clearly dependent on the interstroke interval that 
                         precedes it. In general, most of the new channels occur after a 
                         single usage of the channel and in these cases the previous 
                         interstroke time interval is not an important parameter. However, 
                         when the channel is used more than once, a new channel occurs 
                         mostly after a long interstroke interval.",
                  doi = "10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.03.010",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.03.010",
                 issn = "0169-8095",
                label = "lattes: 0505123426174183 4 FerroSabaPintSaba:2012:TiNeLi",
             language = "pt",
           targetfile = "1-s2.0-S0169809512000890-main.pdf",
                  url = "http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809512000890",
        urlaccessdate = "30 abr. 2024"
}